This scalability can make a broad range of new IoT applications feasible, including massive, superfast networks that improve supply chains and expedite manufacturing processes. But IoT data that drives sustainable smart city applications are among the most anticipated as 5G coverage grows. When applied to smart city applications, the IoT’s 5G-enabled real-time data capabilities can balance power loads to reduce costs, cut unnecessary resource consumption and improve security.
Now that massive connectivity is being solved by 5G, there is a barrier that doesn’t get enough attention, preventing the deployment of IoT: power. Today’s typical wired and battery power delivery methods aren’t up to the challenge of powering hundreds of billions of devices; humanity has not built that many batteries in 200 years, and there is no way we will not be wiring that many. We’ll need to rethink how we power sensors and devices to meet the challenge and realize the promise of the 5G-enabled IoT. Fortunately, there’s an alternative: wireless power.
Wires and conventional batteries can’t power the future
While it’s true that globally, 5G makes it feasible to scale up the IoT with hundreds of billions of new connected devices, conventional power delivery mechanisms put limits on what the IoT deployment on 5G can be. Wireless power — safe, reliable power that is delivered to devices automatically from a distance — is the modern electrical infrastructure we need and it can be deployed along with 5G.
Smart cities will require metropolitan-sized networks to drive operational efficiency, relay critical data to the public and improve municipal services. For example, IoT sensors in devices can transmit information about air quality, temperatures, resource consumption, general health and activity levels around cities, enabling rapid analysis to design and deploy improvements — but all of those sensors need power.
Safe wireless power already exists and it could be deployed at scale to integrate wireless power into buildings and infrastructure along with 5G. This would curtail wiring and maintenance costs while also delivering wireless power that can keep personal consumer smart home gadgets, mobile phones, tablets, gaming devices, etc., inside the buildings charged up automatically too.
Batteries on the other hand have huge environmental costs: extracting the rare Earth metals, manufacturing the batteries and eventually disposing of them have wreaked havoc on our environment.
- Mining for the battery chemistry has negatively impacted ecosystems, health of populations and wildlife across the globe.
- The cost of energy from a battery is typically 5,000 times greater than the equivalent energy from a wall socket. This comes from the costs of raw materials, manufacturing, shipping etc.
- Battery disposal is becoming an environmental nightmare, with more devices manufactured that have a short life span means that the batteries, even rechargeable ones, are being disposed in huge numbers worldwide.
Wirelessly powering a sustainable 5G future
Sustainability is a core component of the smart city vision. 5G makes it possible for smart cities to harness data and technology to drive efficiency, improve productivity and transform municipalities into sustainable hubs. Wireless power contributes to this goal by reducing the excessive battery and electronic device waste associated with conventional power sources.
Sustaintalytics, an independent research firm, estimated the impact wireless power could have on the IoT over the next five to 10 years. The firm studied just three potential IoT sensor use cases that represent less than 1% of the total number of sensors expected to be deployed over the next several years. Even in that limited capacity, the positive environmental impact of switching to wireless power is projected to be significant:
- Between 41,000-83,000 kilotons of waste avoided
- 238,000-476,000 standard containers (40 feet) of battery waste eliminated
- The equivalent of 66,000-132,000 cars removed from the road
- 468-936 tons of lithium avoided
- 936M-1.87B liters of water saved (equivalent of 720 Olympic-sized pools)
- 306,500-613,000 emissions avoided (tCO2e)
Again, these are the estimated effects of wireless power over a fraction of 1% of IoT devices. Extrapolate those numbers out over wider wireless power deployment and the incredible potential of wireless power to improve sustainability comes into focus.
Powering technology trends
In a smart city context, a wireless power infrastructure could reduce the waste associated with conventional power while also enabling the wider deployment of 5G network-connected sensors. These could drive smart transit, parking and traffic management initiatives while supporting innovation in other areas, including healthcare, education and public service.
That’s just the beginning. 5G is already inspiring new technology trends across the board. When 5G is combined with wireless power, the two technologies could open a floodgate of creativity, unlocking innovations across sectors, including smart vehicles, smart homes, virtual reality and much more.
5G is a game changer. Its scalability, speed and data capacity have the potential to supercharge IoT innovation. People are rightly excited about the possibilities, including the potential for smart cities. But before the IoT’s promise can be fully realized, we need to overcome the limitations of conventional power to IoT. Wireless power deployed with 5G could be the key to realizing that sustainable vision.
